The latest edition of this handbook features a chapter on incretin-based hormone therapy. Incretin hormones are peptides released from the gastrointestinal tract that aid in the overall maintenance of glucose control. There is substantial interest in the therapeutic potential of these hormones for the treatment of diabetes. The handbook also discusses the impact of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome on the treatment of type 2 diabetes.