FIELDS VIROLOGY
Author: David Knipe, PhD, Peter Howley, MD, Diane Griffin, MD, PhD, Robert Lamb, PhD, ScD, Malcolm Martin, MD, Bernard Roizman, ScD, Stephen Straus, MD
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publication Date: 2007
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publication Date: 2007
ISBN 10: 0781760607
ISBN 13: 9780781760607
Edition: 5th
ISBN 13: 9780781760607
Edition: 5th
Description:
Established for 20 years as the definitive virology reference, the two-volume classic Fields Virology is in its thoroughly revised, updated Fifth Edition. More than 100 world-renowned investigators provide encyclopedic coverage of every aspect of contemporary virology, including the pathogenesis of viral diseases and the molecular biology, replication, and clinical significance of all known virus families.
Table of Contents
Front Matter
I General Virology
- Introduction
- The Barriers
- Virus Binding to the Cell Surface
- Viral Proteins Responsible for Attachment
- Role of Carbohydrates
- Mobility of Cell-associated Viruses
- Virus-induced Signals
- Endocytic Pathways of Infection
- Penetration by Membrane Fusion
- Penetration by Nonenveloped Viruses
- Intracellular Trafficking
- Uncoating
- Triggering the Uncoating Program
- Nuclear Import
- Perspectives
- REFERENCES
- Introduction
- Principles of Virus–Host Cell Interactions
- Viral Penetration of The Cell and Intracellular Migration
- Replication and Transcription of The Viral Genome
- Protein Synthesis During Viral Infection
- Viral Assembly and Escape from the Cell
- Host Defenses and Viral Countermeasures
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- REFERENCES
- General Features of Virus-Induced Cell Transformation and Oncogenesis
- Virus-Induced Transformation: Models for Cell Cycle Control and Signal Transduction Pathways
- Mechanisms of Cell Transformation by the RNA Tumor Viruses
- Mechanism of Acquisition of Cellular Sequences by Retroviruses
- Activation of the Transforming Potential of Oncogenes by Retroviral Transduction
- Mechanisms of Cell Transformation by the DNA Tumor Viruses
- Evolution of Common Strategies of the DNA Tumor Viruses
- New Insights into the Function of DNA Tumor Virus Oncoproteins: Transformation of Human Cells
- Conclusions
- REFERENCES
- General Features of Immunity to Viral Infections
- Sensing Viral Infections—Recognition for Induction of Innate Cytokine Synthesis
- Cytokines of the Innate Immune System
- Type 1 Interferons
- Tumor Necrosis Factor α
- Interferon-γ
- Interleukin 15
- Cells of the Innate Immune System
- Actions of Innate Responses on Downstream Adaptive Responses
- Cytokine Receptors and Signaling Pathways
- Viral Strategies for Counteracting or Taking Advantage of Cytokine Action
- Pathology
- Perspectives
- Acknowledgments
- REFERENCES
- Introduction
- Overview of the Adaptive Immune Response to Virus Infection
- Architecture of the Adaptive Immune System
- Viral Antigen Recognition by B Cells
- Viral Antigen Recognition by T Cells
- Effector Activities of B Cells
- Effector Activities of T Cells
- Adaptive Immune Memory
- Viral Strategies To Evade the Adaptive Immune Response
- Virus-induced Immune Dysregulation and Autoimmune Disease
- REFERENCES
- Introduction to Viral Pathogenesis
- Goals of This Chapter
- Definitions and Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis
- Conceptualizing Viral Pathogenesis
- Tools for the Study of Pathogenesis
- Determinants of Cell, Organ, and Tissue Tropism
- Fate of the Infected Cell, Tissue, and Host
- Viral Determinants of Virulence
- Future of Viral Pathogenesis Research
- REFERENCES
- Introduction
- Viral Antigens Recognized by the Immune System
- Immune Mechanisms that Eliminate Virus or Virus-Infected Cells
- Obstacles to Immunization in Early Life and in the Elderly
- Goals of Immunization Against Viral Diseases
- Currently Licensed Virus Vaccines
- Currently Licensed Nonliving Virus Vaccines
- Currently Licensed Live Virus Vaccines
- Directions for Future Development of Live Attenuated Virus Vaccines
- Other Potential Vaccine Approaches
- Vaccine Formulation and Delivery
- Summary
- References
- DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA VIRUSES
- L-A Virus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Type Species of the Totiviridae
- Leishmania dsRNA Viruses
- Giardia lamblia Virus
- Trichomonas Virus and Host Phenotypic Variation
- Partitiviridae
- Viruses Reducing Virulence of Cryphonectria Parasitica
- A Reovirus of Cryphonectria
- SINGLE-STRANDED RNA REPLICONS
- RETROVIRUSES (RETROELEMENTS)
- DNA Viruses: chlorella Viruses
- Prions of Saccharomyces and Podospora
- PERSPECTIVE
- REFERENCES
History of Virology
Principles of Virology
Principles of Virus Structure
Virus Entry and Uncoating
Virus Replication Strategies
Virus Assembly
Viral Conquest of the Host Cell
Cell Transformation by Viruses
Innate Responses to Viral Infections
The Adaptive Immune Response to Viruses
Pathogenesis of Viral Infection
Virus Evolution
Epidemiology
Antiviral Agents
Immunization Against Viral Diseases
Viral Vectors and Their Applications
Diagnostic Virology
Emerging Viral Diseases
Viruses That Infect Protists
Plant Viruses
Insect Viruses
Viruses and Prions of Yeasts, Fungi, and Unicellular Organisms
Bacteriophages
II Specific Virus Families
- Classification
- Virion Structure
- Neutralizing Antigenic Sites
- Genome Structure and Organization
- Infectious DNA Clones of Picornavirus Genomes
- Stages of Replication
- Attachment
- Entry into Cells
- Translation of the Viral RNA
- Viral RNA Synthesis
- Origins of Diversity
- Assembly of Virus Particles
- Effects of Viral Multiplication on the Host Cell
- Perspectives
- References
- Introduction
- HISTORY
- ModeS of Transmission
- PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES AND EVOLUTION
- Virus dispersal
- Recombination Among Flaviviruses
- Flavivirus Antigens and their Reactivities with Antibodies
- MOLECULAR BASIS OF VIRULENCE
- Vectors
- Vertebrate Host–Virus Interactions
- DENGUE VIRUSES
- YELLOW FEVER VIRUS
- JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS
- Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus
- St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
- WEST NILE VIRUS
- Other MosquitoBorne Viruses
- TickBorne Encephalitis Virus
- Powassan Virus
- Other TickBorne Viruses
- No Vector Group
- Distantly Related Viruses
- Antibody Responses and Specificities
- IMMUNOPATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS
- Hepatic Dysfunction and Pathology
- Heterogeneity in Virulence of Viral Populations Among Viscerotropic Viruses
- Antibody-dependent Enhancement
- Neuroinvasiveness and Neurovirulence
- Genetic Factors of Vertebrate Hosts
- Antiviral Drugs and Immunoglobulins
- FLAVIVIRUS vaccines
- Laboratory Diagnosis
- Prevention and Control
- REFERENCES
- Introduction
- HISTORY
- Taxonomy
- Virion Structure
- GENOME STRUCTURES
- Stages of Replication
- Molecular Genetics of Rhabdoviruses
- Molecular and Cellular Basis of Pathogenesis
- Mouse Models of Rhabdovirus Infection
- Epidemiology of Rhabdovirus Infections
- Clinical Features of Rhabdovirus Infections
- Diagnosis of Rhabdovirus Infections
- Prevention and Control of Rhabdovirus Infections
- Perspectives
- REFERENCES
- Classification
- HISTORY
- Laboratory Infections
- Virion Structure
- Genome structure and organization
- Virus Proteins
- NUCLEOPROTEINS
- POLYMERASE COMPLEX PROTEINS
- STRUCTURAL (SURFACE) GLYCOPROTEIN
- Nonstructural Glycoprotein
- MATRIX PROTEINS
- STAGES OF REPLICATION
- MECHANISM OF ATTACHMENT
- MECHANISM OF ENTRY AND INTRACELLULAR TRAFFICKING
- TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION
- REPLICATION OF GENOMIC NUCLEIC ACID
- ASSEMBLY AND RELEASE
- EFFECTS ON HOST CELL CULTURES
- PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- PERSISTENCE
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ECOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIAGNOSIS
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- References
- Nomenclature
- Evolution of Influenza Viruses
- Influenza Virus Genetics
- Influenza in Humans—Past Pandemics and the H5N1 Epidemic
- Influenza in Humans—Epidemiology
- Epidemiology and Pathogenesis in Animals
- Molecular Determinants of Host Range Restriction and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features and Pathogenesis in Humans
- Immunology
- Surveillance
- Diagnosis
- Antivirals
- Vaccines
- Perspectives
- References
- History
- Molecular and Cell Biology of Arenaviruses
- Arenavirus Life Cycle
- Arenavirus Reverse Genetics: Implications for the Development of Novel Antiviral Strategies
- Infectivity Assays and Serology
- Experimental Infections of Animals
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Mouse and Other Rodent Models with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
- Development of the Carrier State in Mice
- Viral Persistence in Natural Rodent Hosts
- Animal Models of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers
- Arenavirus Infections of Humans
- Clinical Features
- Differential Diagnosis
- Laboratory Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Prevention and Control
- Conclusion
- References
- Introduction to Retroviruses
- Taxonomic Classification
- Virion Structure
- Organization of the RNA Genome
- Overview of the Life Cycle
- Virus Receptors
- Penetration and Uncoating
- Reverse Transcription
- Recombination
- Integration of the Proviral DNA
- Expression of Viral RNA
- Translation and Protein Processing
- Virion Assembly
- RNA Packaging
- Protein Processing and Virion Maturation
- Resistance to Retrovirus Infection: Host Restriction Factors
- Retroviral Diseases
- Acute Transforming Retroviruses: Transduction of Cellular Protooncogenes
- Endogenous Viruses and Viruslike Sequences
- Retroviral Vectors, Packaging Lines, and Gene Therapy
- Perspectives
- REFERENCES
- Introduction
- Natural History
- Disease Associations
- Human T-cell Leukemia Virus-1 Genome Organization and Encoded Proteins
- Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Pathogenesis
- Model of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus-1 Persistence and Pathogenesis
- Pathogenesis of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
- Pathogenesis of HTLV-1–associated Myelopathy and Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
- Animal Models of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus-1 Infection and Associated Diseases
- Vaccines and Treatments
- Perspectives
- Acknowledgment
- REFERENCES
- History
- Classification of Viruses with Family
- Virion Structure
- Genome Structure and Organization
- Virus Replication
- Viral Transformation
- Propagation and Assay in Cell Culture
- Papillomavirus Infection of Experimental Animals
- Papillomaviruses and Cancer
- Human Papillomavirus Infections of the Genital Tract
- Human Papillomavirus Infections of the Aerodigestive Tract
- Human Papillomavirus and the Nongenital Skin
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Papillomavirus Infections
- Immunity
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Prevention
- REFERENCES
- Introduction and History
- Virion Structure
- Structure and Sequence Arrangement of Viral DNA
- Herpes Simplex Virus Gene Functions List
- Viral Replication
- Control of Host Responses to Infection
- Latent Infection
- Pathogenesis of Human Infection
- Unique Biologic Properties of Herpes Simplex Virus
- Pathology
- Models of Disease Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
- Host Immunologic Response
- Clinical Manifestations of Disease
- Diagnosis
- Prevention and Control of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
- Vaccine Development
- REFERENCES
- Infection in the Natural Host
- Antibody Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
- Cell-mediated Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
- Overview of the Virus–Host Interaction
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in the T-cell Immunocompromised Host
- Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Diseases
- Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Malignancies of the Immunocompromised Host
- Burkitt’s Lymphoma
- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
- Other Epstein-Barr Virus-associated B-Lymphoproliferative Lesions
- T-Cell and Natural Killer Cell Lymphomas
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
- Gastric Carcinoma and Other Lymphoepitheliomas
- Overview of Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Malignancies
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Autoimmune Diseases: An Etiologic Link?
- Prevention and Control of Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Disease
- Perspectives
- REFERENCES
- History
- Classification of Viruses within the Hepadnavirus Family
- Virion Structure
- Genome Structure and Organization
- Stages of Replication
- Pathogenesis and Pathology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical course of Hepatitis B Virus infections
- Laboratory diagnosis of acute and chronic infections
- Prevention and Control
- Animal Models of Hepatitis B Virus Infections
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Perspectives
- Acknowledgments
- References
- History
- Infectious agent
- virion structure
- genome structure and organization
- propagation and assay in cell culture and biologic characteristics
- key antigens
- infection in experimental animals, and host range
- Stages of Replication
- PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY
- clinical features and course
- DIAGNOSIS
- treatment
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS
- perspectives
- Acknowledgement
- REFERENCES
- PRIONS ARE INFECTIOUS PROTEINS
- PRIONS DIFFER FROM VIRUSES
- PRION DISEASE PARADIGM
- MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PRION PROTEINS
- STRUCTURES OF PRION PROTEIN ISOFORMS
- PRION REPLICATION
- DIAGNOSIS OF PRION DISEASES
- MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF PRION DISEASES
- SPORADIC HUMAN PRION DISEASES
- HERITABLE HUMAN PRION DISEASES
- INFECTIOUS HUMAN PRION DISEASES
- STRAINS OF PRIONS
- PRION DISEASES OF ANIMALS
- FUNGAL PRIONS
- PREVENTION AND THERAPEUTICS FOR PRION DISEASES
- CONCLUSION
- Acknowledgments
- REFERENCES