TEXTBOOK OF CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
Author: Eric J. Topol, MD, Robert M. Califf, MD, Eric N. Prystowsky, MD, James D. Thomas, MD, Paul D. Thompson, MD
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publication Date: 2007
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publication Date: 2007
ISBN 10: 0781770122
ISBN 13: 9780781770125
Edition: 3rd
ISBN 13: 9780781770125
Edition: 3rd
Description:
Updated throughout by renowned international authorities, Dr. Topol's best-selling text provides a comprehensive, contemporary view of every area of cardiovascular medicine--preventive cardiology; clinical cardiology; cardiovascular imaging; electrophysiology and pacing; invasive cardiology and surgical techniques; heart failure and transplantation; molecular cardiology; and vascular biology and medicine.
Table of Contents
Front Matter
SECTION 1 Preventive Cardiology
- Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease
- Biology of Atherosclerosis
- Normal Artery
- Atherosclerotic Vessel
- Cellular Roles in Atherogenesis
- Cellular Interactions and Lesion Stability
- Inflammatory Markers in Atherosclerosis
- Two Forms of Plaque Disruption: Fibrous Cap Rupture and Endothelial Erosion
- Balance of Atherosclerosis: Therapeutic Implications
- Restenosis
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- Glossary
- Dietary Prescription and Lifestyle Changes to Reduce Coronary Heart Disease
- Efficacy of Diets in Affecting Lipid Levels
- Using Diet to Alter Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
- Cholesterol-Raising Factors: Dietary Cholesterol
- Antioxidants, Vitamins, and Coronary Heart Disease
- Conclusions
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Assessment of Obesity
- Assessment of Fat Mass
- Assessment of Regional Distributions of Adipose Tissue
- Metabolic Basis of Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance
- Ectopic Fat in liver and muscle
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Effects of Obesity on the Cardiovascular System
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Epidemiology
- Lipoprotein Disorders
- Endothelial Cell Dysfunction
- Diabetes as a Prothrombotic State
- Hyperglycemia as an Atherogenic Factor
- The Metabolic Syndrome
- Heart Failure
- Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients with Diabetes
- Coronary Revascularization
- Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy and The Heart
- Therapy
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- Glossary
- Historical Perspective
- Lipid-Modifying Therapy and Effects on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events
- Physiology and pathophysiology of lipoprotein metabolism
- Secondary disorders of lipoprotein metabolism
- Primary (Genetic) Disorders of Apolipoprotein B–Containing Lipoproteins Causing Hyperlipoproteinemia
- Primary Disorders of High-Density-Lipoprotein Metabolism Causing Low High-Density-Lipoprotein–Cholesterol levels
- Screening and Management of Patients with Lipid Disorders
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Physical Activity And Public Health
- Physical Activity, Exercise, and Fitness
- Physical Activity and Health: Epidemiologic Observations and Biologic Mechanisms
- Physiology of Exercise
- Physical Activity and Exercise: Prescription for Health and Fitness
- Risks
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- Epidemiology of Smoking and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke
- Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease
- Passive Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease
- Effects of Smoking and Passive Smoking on the Cardiovascular System
- Physicians and Tobacco Control
- Smoking Cessation
- Smoke-Free Environments as a Tobacco Control Tool
- Personal Perspective and Controversies
- The Future
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Overview
- Glossary
- Incidence of Coronary Artery Disease in Women Versus Men
- Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Presentation, Management, and Outcome In Women Versus Men
- Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Women Compared to Men
- Dietary Response and Cardiovascular Disease
- Effects of Gonadal Steroids on Lipoprotein Metabolism and Their Clinical Significance
- Endothelial and Vascular Biology Effects of Estrogens, Progestins, and Androgens
- Oral Contraceptive Steroid Effects on Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherogenesis
- Oral Contraceptive Use and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
- Postmenopausal Sex Steroid Hormone Effects on Lipoproteins, Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Clotting
- Effects of Postmenopausal Hormone Use on Coronary Disease
- Clinical Advice
- Cholesterol-Lowering Interventions and Reductions in Coronary Artery Disease in Women
- Lipid-Lowering Treatment Guidelines
- Gender Differences in Pharmacologic Treatment
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- Conclusions
- The Future
- References
Atherosclerotic Biology and Epidemiology of Disease
Diet and Nutritional Issues
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Diabetes
Lipid Disorders
Exercise and Physical Activity
Hypertension: Context and Management
Smoking
Estrogen, Female Gender, and Heart Disease
Ethanol and The Heart
Other Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease
Behavioral Cardiology and Heart Disease
Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention
An Integrated Approach to Risk Factor Modification
SECTION 2 Clinical Cardiology
- Introduction
- Prevalence and Incidence of Angina
- Pathophysiology of Angina
- Stable Angina: A Symptom Complex
- Silent Ischemia
- Syndrome X
- Prinzmetal’s Variant Angina
- Demographics and Outcome of Patients with Angina
- Principles of Management
- Diagnostic Tests
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Lifestyle and Risk Factor Modification
- Symptomatic Therapy
- Coronary Revascularization
- Secondary Prevention
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- General Pathophysiology
- Infarct Expansion, Left Ventricular Remodeling, and Left Ventricular Aneurysm
- Reinfarction and Ischemia
- Acute Left Ventricular Failure
- Right Ventricular Infarction
- Mechanical Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Miscellaneous Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Mitral Valve Anatomy
- Acute and Chronic Mitral Regurgitation
- Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease
- Ischemic and Cardiomyopathic Mitral Regurgitation
- Endocarditis
- Rheumatic and Other Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
- Mitral Stenosis
- Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
- Mitral Valve Repair Versus Replacement
- Mitral Valve Repair and Atrial Fibrillation
- Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- Anatomy
- Etiology of Acquired Tricuspid Stenosis
- Differential Diagnosis of Tricuspid Stenosis
- Treatment of Tricuspid Valve Disease
- History and Physical Examination in Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
- History and Physical Examination of the Patient with Pulmonary Regurgitation
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Introduction
- Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
- Epidemiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
- Other Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension
- Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
- Clinical Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension
- Progression and Prognosis
- Evidence-Based Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
- Future Pharmacologic Treatments
- Summary
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- Glossary
- Introduction
- Normal Physiologic and Morphologic Changes in Pregnancy
- Radiation and Pregnancy
- Hypertension during Pregnancy
- Treatment of Hypertension during Pregnancy
- Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
- Transplantation
- Anticoagulation and Pregnancy
- Pregnancy in Women with Valve Prostheses
- Cardiopulmonary Bypass during Pregnancy
- Myocardial Infarction Associated with Pregnancy
- Pregnancy in Women with Congenital or Acquired Cardiac Disease
- Cardiovascular Complications of Tocolytic Therapy
- Arrhythmias in Pregnant Women
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Women
- Primordial Prevention
- Physical Activity and Diet for Risk Factor Prevention
- Drug Treatment for Primordial Prevention
- Primary Prevention
- Secondary Prevention in Women
- Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease in Women
- Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease in Women
- Heart Failure in Women
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Introduction
- Renal Impairment as a Risk Factor in Cardiac Disease
- Metabolic Changes Associated with Chronic Renal Failure
- Lipid Abnormalities
- Uremic and Dialysis Associated Pericarditis
- Diagnosis and Management of Ischemic Heart Disease and Congestive Heart Failure
- Renal Replacement Therapy
- The Future
- References
- Introduction
- Cardiac Involvement in Osteoarthritis
- Cardiac Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Cardiac Involvement in Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Cardiac Involvement in Gout
- Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosis
- Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis
- Cardiac Involvement in Vasculitis
- Cardiovascular Effects of Rheumatic Disease Treatments
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Overview
- Glossary of Terms
- Historical Perspective
- Basic Principles of Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology
- Clinical Components of the Athlete’s Heart Syndrome
- Cardiac Arrhythmias in Athletes
- Evidence of Cardiac Enlargement
- Functional Cardiac Murmurs in Athletes
- Exercise-Related Cardiac Events
- Preparticipation Screening of Competitive Athletes
- Cardiac Examination of Competitive Athletes
- Performance-Enhancing Substances in Athletes
- Controversies and Personal Perspective
- The Future
- References
- Goals of Perioperative Management
- Aspects of Atherosclerosis Important to Perioperative Considerations
- Considerations for Vascular and Other Complex Surgery Patients
- Considerations in Management of Chronic and Perioperative Risk-Reducing Medical Therapies
- Risk Assessment Algorithms
- Cardiac Risk Stratification
- Anticoagulant Drugs in the Perioperative Period
- Preoperative Coronary Revascularization as a Risk Reduction Strategy
- Combined Coronary Artery Disease and Carotid Artery or Other Complex Surgical Disease
- Summary
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Introduction
- History
- Phases of Evaluation of Therapies
- Critical General Concepts
- Expressing Clinical Trial Results
- Concepts Underlying Trial Design
- General Design Considerations
- Hypothesis Formulation
- Statistical Considerations
- Meta-Analysis and Systematic Overviews
- Understanding Covariates and Subgroups
- Adaptive Clinical Trials—Pick the Winner
- Therapeutic Truisms
- Study Organization
- Integration into Cardiovascular Practice
- Summary
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
The History
Physical Examination
Chronic Stable Coronary Disease
Unstable Angina: Ischemic Syndromes
Acute Myocardial Infarction: Early Diagnosis and Management
Acute Myocardial Infarction: Complications
Post–Myocardial Infarction Management
Mitral Valve Disease
Aortic Valve Disease
Acquired Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valve Disease
Prosthetic Valve Disease
Infective Endocarditis
Diseases of the Pericardium, Restrictive Cardiomyopathy, and Diastolic Dysfunction
Pulmonary Hypertension
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Congenital Heart Disease
The Heart and Pregnancy
Women and Heart Disease
The Elderly and Aging
End-of-Life Care
The Heart and Other Organ Systems
Endocrine Systems and the Heart
Hematologic Disorders and the Heart
The Heart and the Renal System
Cardiac Manifestations of Selected Neurologic Disorders
Cardiovascular Manifestations of Rheumatic Diseases
The Heart and Infectious Diseases
Substance Abuse and the Heart
The Athlete’s Heart
Cardiac Trauma
Cardiac Tumors
Clinical Pharmacology for the Cardiologist
Perioperative Anesthetic Considerations in Noncardiac Surgery for Those at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Medical Economics in Cardiovascular Medicine
Considerations in the Design, Conduct, and Interpretation of Quantitative Clinical Evidence
Databases in Cardiology
Quality of Care and Medical Errors in Cardiovascular Disease
SECTION 3 Cardiovascular Imaging
- Overview
- Glossary
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Methodology of Stress Echocardiography
- Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease
- Comparison with Other Techniques
- Use of Stress Echocardiography in Management Decisions
- Prognostic Considerations in Coronary Artery Disease
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- Glossary
- Historical Perspective
- From Doppler Signals to Hemodynamics: Basic Concepts
- Tissue Doppler Echocardiography and Deformation Imaging
- The Clinical Blood Flow Doppler Examination
- Acquired Valvular Heart Disease
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Evaluation of Cardiac Function
- Left Atrial Appendage Flow
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Assessment of Interventricular and Intraventricular Dyssynchrony and Selection of Candidates for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- Glossary
- Historical Perspective
- Imaging Principles
- Principles of Radionuclide Production and Radiochemistry
- Assessment of Myocardial Blood Flow
- Assessment of Substrate Metabolism
- Assessment of Autonomic Innervation
- Imaging of Gene Expression
- Summary of Current Status
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- Acknowledgments
- References
Principles of Imaging
Plain Film Examination of the Chest
Exercise Electrocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography
Stress Echocardiography
Doppler Echocardiography
Transesophageal Echocardiography
Imaging Techniques in Nuclear Cardiology
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Positron Emission Tomography
Computed Tomography of the Heart
SECTION 4 Electrophysiology and Pacing
- Overview
- Historical Perspective
- Basic Electrophysiology of the Action Potential
- Changes in Ionic Currents during Pathologic States
- Electrophysiologic Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Reentry
- Interaction of Enhanced Automaticity and Reentrant Mechanisms in Arrhythmogenesis: The Evolving Paradigm of Atrial Fibrillation
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Historical Perspective
- Anatomic References
- Electrocardiographic Recording
- Basic Principles
- Normal Electrocardiographic Waveforms
- Normal Electrocardiographic Variants
- Approach to Electrocardiographic Diagnosis
- Abnormal Electrocardiogram
- Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Bundle Branch and Fascicular Blocks
- Aberrancy
- Ischemic Heart Disease
- Clinical Value of the Electrocardiogram during Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Established Myocardial Infarction
- Atrial Infarction
- Pseudoinfarction Patterns
- Miscellaneous Causes of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities
- High-Resolution Electrocardiography and Body Surface Mapping
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- GLOSSARY
- Introduction
- Historical Perspective
- Atrioventricular Reciprocating Tachycardias and Accessory Pathways
- Preexcited Atrioventricular Nodal–Dependent Tachycardias
- Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardias
- Differentiating Atrioventricular Node Reentrant from Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardias
- Principles of Management of Atrioventricular Nodal-Dependent Tachycardias
- Conclusions
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- General Aspects of Diagnosis and Management
- Ventricular Tachycardia Associated with Structural Heart Disease
- Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in the Absence of Structural Heart Disease
- Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in the Absence of Structural Heart Disease
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Inherited Cardiovascular Disease: Unifying Principles
- Establishing and Operating an Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Service
- Genetics of Inherited Cardiovascular Disease and Mechanisms Underlying Sudden Cardiac Death: The Final Common Pathways
- Clinical Application of Molecular Genetics
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- Glossary
- General Principles
- History of Catheter Ablation
- Biophysics of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation
- Mechanisms of Myocardial Injury Caused by Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation
- Ablation of Specific Supraventricular Arrhythmias
- Ablation of Specific Ventricular Arrhythmias
- Complications of Catheter Ablation
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- History and Overview
- Pacemaker Nomenclature
- Glossary of Pacing Modes and Timing Cycles
- Indications of Cardiac Pacing
- Pacing Modes and Timing Cycles
- Rate-Adaptive Pacing
- Mode Switch
- Rate-Responsive Sensors
- Pacemaker Implantation
- Pacemaker Programming
- Pacemaker-Related Complications
- Pacemaker Abnormalities and Troubleshooting
- Electromagnetic Interference
- Pacemaker Follow-Up
- Indications for Temporary Pacing
- Controversies and personal perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Pathology of Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony
- Effects of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
- Trials and Metaanalyses of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
- Current Indications
- Technical Aspects of Device Insertion
- Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Optimization
- Failure Rates and Complications
- Patient Selection
- Unresolved Issues and Personal Perspectives
- Conclusions
- The Future
- References
Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Genetics of Arrhythmias
Electrocardiography
Ambulatory and Signal-Averaged Electrocardiography and T-Wave Alternans
Electrophysiologic Testing
Bradycardias: Sinus Nodal Dysfunction and Atrioventricular Conduction Disturbances
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
Atrioventricular Nodal–Dependent Tachycardias and Preexcitation
Ventricular Tachycardia
Sudden Cardiac Death and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young: The Impact Of Inherited cardiovascular disease
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease
Syncope
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Catheter Ablation Therapy for Arrhythmias
Cardiac Pacemakers
Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
SECTION 5 Invasive Cardiology and Surgical Techniques
- Overview and Historical Perspective
- Balloon Dilation for Congenital Aortic Valve Stenosis
- Balloon Dilation of Congenital Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
- Balloon Dilation for Pulmonary Artery Stenosis
- Balloon Dilation of Recurrent Postoperative and Native Coarctation of the Aorta
- Stent Therapy in Congenital Heart Disease
- Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
Coronary Angiography
Cardiac Catheterization and Hemodynamic Assessment
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Percutaneous Cardiac Procedures
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Approaches to the Patient with Prior Bypass Surgery
Percutaneous Valve Dilatations
Catheter Interventions in Congenital Heart Disease
SECTION 6 Heart Failure and Transplantation
- Overview
- What Is the Hallmark of Chronic Systolic Heart Failure?
- Diagnosis and Evaluation of Heart Failure
- Factors Known to Precipitate Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
- Mechanisms of Left Ventricular Dysfunction
- Left Ventricular Remodeling
- Neuroendocrine Abnormalities
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- Conclusions
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- Introduction
- Historical Perspective
- Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy: Clinical and Histologic Subsets
- Prevalence
- Pathogenesis: Lessons from Animal Models
- Etiology
- Immunopathology of Progression
- Immunosuppressive and Immune Modulatory Therapies
- Antiviral Therapies
- Clinical Management
- Therapy and Clinical Outcomes
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- Historical Perspective
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy—Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia
- Unclassified Cardiomyopathies
- Specific Cardiomyopathies
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
Global Pandemic of Heart Failure
Pathophysiology of the Heart Failure Clinical Syndrome
Acute Heart Failure
Chronic Heart Failure Management
Diagnosis and Medical Treatment of Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy
Nonischemic Cardiomyopathies
Cardiac Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support
Surgical Approaches for Heart Failure
Prevention of Heart Failure
SECTION 7 Molecular Cardiology
- Overview
- Glossary
- General Principles
- Major Types of Genetic Diseases
- Cytogenetics in Genetic Research and Molecular Diagnostics
- Overview of Strategies for Disease Gene Discovery
- Gene Identification for Complex Disease
- Pharmacogenomics
- Gene Chip Technology and DNA Arrays (Transcriptional Profiling)
- Proteomics
- Animal Models (Transgenic and Embryonic Stem Cell Technologies)
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Overview
- Glossary
- Mendelian Traits Associated with Coronary Artery Disease
- Common Forms of Atherosclerosis Have a Strong Genetic Component
- Common Forms of Atherosclerosis Have an Important Environmental Component
- Genetic Dissection of Atherosclerosis
- Experimental Animal Models
- A General Picture of the Genetics of Atherosclerosis
- Genetic Contributions to Systemic Factors
- Genetic Contributions to Cellular Functions
- Genetic Contributions to Lesion Rupture and Thrombosis
- Stroke
- DNA Testing
- New Therapies
- Toward a Biological Network for Atherosclerosis: The New Genetics
- Controversies and Perspectives
- The Future
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Glossary
- Historical Perspective
- Principles and Concepts of Gene Transfer
- Vectors for Gene Transfer
- Animal Models of Gene Transfer
- Cell Cycle and Regulation of Cell Proliferation
- Angiogenesis
- Lipoprotein Metabolism
- Thrombotic Disorders
- Clinical Trials
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- What the Cardiac Myocyte Does
- Myocyte Structure
- Working Myocardium
- Myocyte Function
- Excitation–Contraction Coupling and Relaxation
- Structures Involved in Excitation–Contraction Coupling and Relaxation
- Ca2+ RETENTION WITHIN THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- Mitochondria
- The Cytoskeleton
- Summary
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- G-Protein–Coupled Receptor Signaling Pathway
- Calcium Handling
- Protein Kinase C
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway
- Calcineurin/Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells Signaling Pathway
- Reduction of Cardiac Hypertrophy Using Calcineurin Inhibitors
- Reduction of Cardiac Hypertrophy Using Small Molecules
- PI3K/Akt/mTOR/GSK3β Signaling Pathway
- Myocyte Enhancer Factor-2/Histone Deacetylase Signaling Pathway
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
General Techniques in Molecular Cardiology
Molecular Genetics
Genetic Factors in Atherosclerosis
Genetic Studies of Myocardial and Vascular Disease
Gene Therapy
Myocyte Structure and Function
Signal Transduction Pathways of the Heart
Molecular Basis of Heart Development
Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease
SECTION 8 Vascular Biology and Medicine
- Overview
- Introduction
- Neointimal Hyperplasia
- Thrombosis
- Endothelial Regeneration
- Effect of Endovascular Stents on the Biology of Restenosis
- Effect of Endovascular Brachytherapy on the Biology of Restenosis
- Effect of Drug-Eluting Stents on the Biology of Restenosis
- Summary
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- Development of the Pulmonary Vasculature in Embryonic and Fetal Life
- Cellular Mechanisms of Vascular Development
- Abnormal Pulmonary Vascular Development
- Abnormal Pulmonary Vascular Development in Congenital Heart Disease
- Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Vascular Disease
- Pulmonary Hypertension
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- History and Physical Examination in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Vascular Diagnostic Laboratory: Basic Components
- Accreditation of Vascular Diagnostic Laboratories
- Testing in Peripheral Arterial Disease
- Testing in Carotid Artery Disease
- Abdominal Aortic Duplex Ultrasonography
- Renal Artery Duplex Ultrasonography
- Mesenteric Artery Duplex Ultrasonography
- Venous Duplex Ultrasonography
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- References
- Overview
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- The Heterogeneity of Cerebrovascular Disorders
- Epidemiology
- Stroke Risk Factors and Treatment for Primary and Secondary Stroke Prevention
- ISCHEMIC STROKE
- REPERFUSION STRATEGIES FOR ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
- Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Management of the Patient with Hemorrhagic Stroke
- Surgical and Endovascular Therapies for Hemorrhagic Stroke
- Controversies and Personal Perspectives
- The Future
- Selected Guidelines, Scientific Statements and Advisories
- References
The Biology of Restenosis
Therapeutic Angiogenesis
Diseases of the Pulmonary Vasculature
Diseases of the Aorta
Noninvasive Assessment of Peripheral Vascular Disease
Cerebrovascular Disease
Disease of Peripheral Vessels
Renal Artery Disease
Venous Thromboembolism
Topics within this title:
- Abnormalities
- Amyloidosis
- Aneurysm
- Arrhythmias
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Atrial Flutter
- Cardiomyopathies
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Carotid artery
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Cyanosis
- Diabetes
- Edema
- Electrocardiography
- embolectomy
- Embolism
- Endocarditis
- Endomyocardial Fibrosis
- Fatigue
- Fibrosis
- Heart Disease
- Heart Murmurs
- Hemochromatosis
- Hemorrhage
- Hyperplasia
- Hypertension
- Hypertrophy
- Hypothyroidism
- Immune system
- Infarction
- Intracranial Hemorrhage
- Ischemia
- Ischemic Heart Disease
- Long QT Syndrome
- Myocardial Infarction
- Myocardial Ischemia
- Myxoma
- Neurologic Disorders
- Pain
- Pericardial Effusion
- Pericarditis
- Pericardium
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Pulse
- Rheumatic Diseases
- Rupture
- Sarcoidosis
- Shock
- Signs and Symptoms
- Stress
- Stroke
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Sudden Cardiac Death
- Syncope
- Syndrome
- Tachycardia
- Thromboembolism
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Trauma
- Ventricular Dysfunction