HAZZARD'S GERIATRIC MEDICINE AND GERONTOLOGY
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
Publication Date: 2009
ISBN 13: 9780071488723
Edition: 6th
Description:
Routinely cited in reviews as the geriatrics book nonpareil, Hazzard's Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology is now in its sixth edition, complete with updated content and a total design overhaul that makes easier than ever to read and navigate. Its main focus of blending gerontology principles with clinical geriatrics, however, is unchanged. This brand-new package, authored by the world's best geriatricians (with more internationally based contributors than ever), contains a number of changes. Evidence-based medicine is emphasized via the expanded use of clinical practice guidelines, as well as reference to systematic reviews and critically appraised topics. A new chapter on international geriatric care has also been added. Meanwhile, tables, drawings, and clinical algorithms have been enhanced by the new color format, and all content on Geriatric Syndromes have been placed up front. This perennial seller has undergone a number of other important improvements, too.
Table of Contents
Front Matter
PART I PRINCIPLES OF GERONTOLOGY
- INFLAMMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF AGING AND ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES
- MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF INFLAMMATION
- WHY ARE OLDER ADULTS MORE LIKELY TO HAVE HIGHER LEVELS OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES?
- CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CONTRIBUTES DIRECTLY TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN OLDER ADULTS
- CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CONTRIBUTES TO CHRONIC DISEASE IN OLDER ADULTS
- POTENTIAL CLINICAL UTILITY OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY INTERVENTIONS
- SUMMARY: DOES CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CONTRIBUTE TO AN ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PLATFORM FOR LATE-LIFE VULNERABILITY?
- FURTHER READING
Biology of Aging and Longevity
Genetics of Age-Dependent Human Disease
Immunology and Aging
Inflammation and Aging
Demography and Epidemiology
International Gerontology
Psychosocial Aspects of Aging
General Principles of Pharmacology
Preventive Gerontology: Strategies for Optimizing Health Across the Life Span
PART II PRINCIPLES OF GERIATRICS
- INTRODUCTION
- TRANSITIONS TRAFFIC AND TRANSITIONS QUALITY
- PREDICTORS OF PROBLEMATIC TRANSITIONS
- INNOVATIONS IN TRANSITIONAL CARE
- ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
- STRATEGIES FOR EXCELLING AT TRANSITIONAL CARE
- SPECIAL CASES OF CARE TRANSITIONS
- EDUCATING PROFESSIONALS IN CARE TRANSITIONS
- SUMMARY
- FURTHER READING
- Web Sites
- DEFINITION OF SUBACUTE CARE
- SUBACUTE CARE PATIENTS
- SUBACUTE CARE PHYSICIANS
- ROLE OF ADVANCED PRACTICE CLINICIANS
- SUBACUTE CARE REGULATIONS
- DEFINING QUALITY IN SUBACUTE CARE
- ADMITTING A SUBACUTE PATIENT: THE HOSPITAL PERSPECTIVE
- ADMITTING A SUBACUTE PATIENT: THE FACILITY PERSPECTIVE
- PATIENT/FAMILY/STAFF INTERACTIONS
- PHYSICIAN’S ROLE IN REHABILITATION
- PHYSICIAN’S ROLE IN FAMILY MEETINGS
- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT IN THE SUBACUTE SETTING
- DEALING WITH COMPLICATIONS OF THE ACUTE HOSPITAL
- ACUTE MEDICAL PROBLEMS IN SUBACUTE CARE
- ADVANCE DIRECTIVES AND END-OF-LIFE ISSUES
- DISCHARGE PLANNING IN SUBACUTE CARE
- RISK MANAGEMENT IN SUBACUTE CARE
- SUBACUTE FACILITY REIMBURSEMENT
- REIMBURSEMENT FOR PHYSICIANS
- SUBACUTE CARE AS A SAFETY NET
- FURTHER READING
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DRUG THERAPY
- MEASURING THE QUALITY OF DRUG PRESCRIBING IN OLDER PERSONS
- PRESCRIBING CASCADES
- UNDERUSE OF BENEFICIAL THERAPY
- SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING DRUG THERAPY IN THE LONG-TERM CARE SETTING
- DEFICIENCIES IN INFORMATION ABOUT DRUG THERAPY IN OLDER ADULTS
- POLICY ISSUES RELATED TO DRUG THERAPY IN OLDER ADULTS
- PRACTICAL APPROACH TO PRESCRIBING MEDICATIONS TO OLDER PERSONS
- SUMMARY
- FURTHER READING
- COLLABORATION AND THE IMPORTANCE OF “INTERDISCIPLINARITY”
- PRINCIPLES OF SUCCESSFUL TEAMWORK
- THE WELL-PLANNED MEETING
- SKILLS OF DIFFERENT PROFESSIONALS ON TEAMS
- EFFECTIVE TEAM COMMUNICATION
- VALUING DIVERSITY
- TEAM CONFLICT
- EMPHASIZING CARE GOALS AND INTERDISCIPLINARY CARE PLANNING
- SUMMARY
- FURTHER READING
- Internet Resources
- THE OLDER PATIENT IN PAIN
- HOW AGING AFFECTS PAIN PERCEPTION
- CLASSIFICATION OF PAIN
- CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PAIN
- MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE AND PERIOPERATIVE PAIN
- MANAGEMENT OF PERSISTENT PAIN
- ANALGESIC MEDICATIONS
- ANESTHETIC AND NEUROSURGICAL APPROACHES TO PAIN MANAGEMENT
- NONDRUG STRATEGIES FOR PAIN MANAGEMENT
- FURTHER READING
- INTRODUCTION
- THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITION, ACTIVITY, AND DISEASE
- AGE–RELATED CHANGES THAT AFFECT NUTRITION
- NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS TO MAINTAIN HEALTH
- SPECIFIC DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS FOR OPTIMAL HEALTH
- ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS
- COMMUNITY-BASED NUTRITION PROGRAMS FOR OLDER ADULTS
- FURTHER READING
- SHOULD THE HEALTH PRACTITIONER BE CONCERNED ABOUT WEIGHT IN AN OLDER PATIENT?
- PREDICTING WEIGHT IN OLDER PEOPLE: NOTHING SPECIAL
- LIFETIME WEIGHT HISTORY: CURRENT WEIGHT AND RECENT WEIGHT CHANGE ARE NOT ENOUGH
- ADIPOSITY
- STANDARDS FOR OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY: RIGHT FOR OLDER PATIENTS?
- RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH UNDERWEIGHT
- RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT
- INTERVENTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
- DEMOGRAPHICS
- AGING AND LOSS OF VISION
- PREVALENT AGE-RELATED CAUSES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
- ROLE OF THE GERIATRICIAN IN VISION REHABILITATION
- ADAPTATIONS OF CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVALUATIONS FOR OLDER ADULTS
- MANAGEMENT OF LOW VISION
- ENVIRONMENTS FOR OLDER PERSONS
- PSYCHOSOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS
- FUNDING FOR LOW-VISION REHABILITATION
- FURTHER READING
- DEFINITIONS
- HISTORY OF THE SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN LONGEVITY
- WHEN DOES THE SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN MORTALITY BEGIN?
- MECHANISMS OF THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN LONGEVITY
- BASIC MOLECULAR GENETICS OF SEX DIFFERENCES (see Table 45-3)
- SEX DIFFERENTIALS DURING FETAL, CHILDHOOD, AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT
- SEX MAY AFFECT REGULATION OF REDOX STATE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS
- SEX AFFECTS NEURAL ANATOMY AND FUNCTION
- SEX AFFECTS IMMUNE FUNCTION
- SEX AFFECTS SEX HORMONE PHYSIOLOGYACROSS THE ADULT LIFE SPAN
- SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN LONGEVITY
- THE SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS
- SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS
- ROLE OF SEX HORMONES IN MEDIATING THE SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE RISK
- SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
- FEMALE HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
- PREDICTING THE FUTURE: THE SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN LONGEVITY IS DECLINING
- FUTURE OF THE SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN LONGEVITY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR GERIATRIC MEDICINE AND GERONTOLOGY
- FURTHER READING
Evaluation, Management, and Decision Making with the Older Patient
SECTION A Assessment
SECTION B Organization of Care
Health Care System
Transitions
Acute Hospital Care
Emergency Department Care
Critical Care
Subacute Care
Nursing Facility Care
Community-Based Long-Term Care and Home Care
Rural Aging
SECTION C Special Management Issues
Appropriate Approach to Prescribing
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Team Care
Social Work
Self-Management of Health Behavior in Geriatric Medicine
Rehabilitation
Pain Management
Palliative Care
Legal Issues
Spirituality
Ethical Issues
SECTION D Surgical Management
SECTION E Nutrition
Nutrition and Aging
Weight and Age: Paradoxes and Conundrums
Malnutrition and Enteral/Parenteral Alimentation
Disorders of Swallowing
Oral Cavity
SECTION F Sensory Function
Assessment and Rehabilitation of Older Adults with Low Vision
Age-Related Changes in the Auditory System
SECTION G Gender and Sexuality
Sex and Gender Across the Human Life Span
Menopause and Midlife Health Changes
Sexuality, Sexual Function, and the Aging Woman
Gynecological Disorders
Sexuality, Sexual Function, Androgen Therapy, and the Aging Male
Benign Prostate Disorders
PART III GERIATRIC SYNDROMES
- FRAILTY IS AT THE CORE OF GERIATRIC MEDICINE
- WHAT IS FRAILTY?
- HOW CAN FRAILTY BE IDENTIFIED IN CLINICAL PRACTICE?
- STANDARDIZED APPROACHES DEVELOPED TO ASCERTAIN FRAILTY
- POTENTIAL USES OF AN OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF FRAILTY
- EVIDENCE AND THEORY REGARDING THE PATHOGENESIS OF FRAILTY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT
- BIOMARKERS OF FRAILTY AND HOMEOSTATIC DYSREGULATION
- TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF FRAILTY
- CONCLUSION
- FURTHER READING
Aging and Homeostatic Regulation
Frailty
Delirium
Falls
Sleep Disorders
Dizziness
Syncope
Pressure Ulcers
Incontinence
Elder Mistreatment
PART IV ORGAN SYSTEMS AND DISEASES
- STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE AGING BRAIN
- FREE RADICALS AND THE AGING BRAIN
- ALTERATIONS IN ENERGY METABOLISM AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN THE AGING BRAIN
- NEURONAL ION HOMEOSTASIS IN THE AGING BRAIN
- NEUROTRANSMITTER SIGNALING IN THE AGING BRAIN
- NEUROENDOCRINE CHANGES IN THE AGING BRAIN
- IMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS IN BRAIN AGING
- NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS IN THE AGING BRAIN
- GENETIC FACTORS IN BRAIN AGING AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
- DIETARY FACTORS IN BRAIN AGING AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
- CONCLUSION
- FURTHER READING
- DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND PARKINSONISM
- PATHOLOGY OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND PARKINSON-PLUS SYNDROMES
- CAUSE AND PATHOGENESIS OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND PARKINSON-PLUS SYNDROMES
- EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE
- PRINCIPLES OF THERAPY
- MEDICAL THERAPY OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE
- MOTOR COMPLICATIONS OF LEVODOPA THERAPY
- TREATMENT OF NONMOTOR FEATURES
- SURGICAL THERAPY
- FURTHER READING
- APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS IN ADULTS
- DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN DEPOSITION
- NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH TAU, PROGRANULIN, OR TDP-43 PATHOLOGY
- AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS, LOU GEHRIG’S DISEASE)
- CORTICOBASAL DEGENERATION
- PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY
- SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA SYNDROMES
- CONCLUDING REMARKS ON NON-ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
- FURTHER READING
- OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECT OF AGING ON CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY AND EVALUATION OF ARRHYTHMIAS
- BRADYARRHYTHMIA AND CARDIAC PACEMAKER THERAPY IN THE ELDERLY
- SYNCOPE IN THE ELDERLY
- TACHYARRHYTHMIAS AND CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE DEFIBRILLATOR THERAPY IN THE ELDERLY
- AGING AND DRUG-INDUCED PROARRHYTHMIA
- NOVEL, EMERGING THERAPIES FOR CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
- SUMMARY
- KEY POINTS
- FURTHER READING
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
- PREVALENCE OF CONSTIPATION AND CONSTIPATION-RELATED SYMPTOMS
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- RISK FACTORS FOR CONSTIPATION IN OLDER PEOPLE
- PRESENTATION
- CLINICAL EVALUATION
- COMPLICATIONS OF CONSTIPATION IN THE ELDERLY
- NONPHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT
- PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT
- TREATMENT GUIDANCE
- FURTHER RESEARCH
- CONCLUSIONS
- FURTHER READING
- ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
- AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN CARTILAGE
- AGING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS
- SKELETAL MUSCLE
- NEURAL CONTROL OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION
- MECHANISMS UNDERLYING SKELETAL MUSCLE WEAKNESS IN OLD AGE
- CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTIONS AIMED AT DELAYING OR PREVENTING AGE-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN SKELETAL MUSCLE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION
- TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS
- INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS
- FURTHER READING
- PREVALENCE OF MOBILITY PROBLEMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS
- AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN FALLS AND FALL-RELATED INJURY RATES
- AGE CHANGES IN COMPONENTS OF BIOMECHANICAL CAPABILITY
- AGE DIFFERENCES IN PERFORMANCE OF SIMPLE MOBILITY TASKS
- AGE DIFFERENCES IN PERFORMANCE OF TIME-CRITICAL MOBILITY TASKS
- CONCLUSIONS
- FURTHER READING
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT TO EXPECT WHEN SEEING PATIENTS IN HOSPITAL
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE IN HOSPITAL
- POSTFRACTURE CHANGES IN PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CARE
- FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY POST HIP FRACTURE
- POSTFRACTURE REHABILITATION
- THE GERIATRICIAN’S ROLE IN CARING FOR PATIENTS WITH HIP FRACTURE FOLLOWING REHABILITATION
- CONCLUSIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- FURTHER READING
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACTORS
- ANATOMY OF THE FOOT AND CHANGES RELATED TO AGE
- CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND MEDICARE CONSIDERATIONS
- PRIMARY MANAGEMENT—GUIDELINES AND PRINCIPLES
- SKIN
- TOENAILS
- PATHOMECHANICS AND BIOMECHANICS
- FOOT ORTHOPEDICS
- FOOTWEAR AND ORTHOSES
- ULCERATIONS
- DIABETIC AND PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL CONSIDERATIONS
- CONCLUSION
- FURTHER READING
SECTION A Human Brain
Cellular and Neurochemical Aspects of the Aging Human Brain
Cognitive Changes Associated with Normal and Pathological Aging
Psychoactive Drug Therapy
Cerebrovascular Disease
Dementia Including Alzheimer’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders
Other Neurodegenerative Disorders
Traumatic Brain Injury
Epilepsy
Late-Life Mood Disorders
Schizophrenia
General Topics in Geriatric Psychiatry
Management of Agitation in Dementia
SECTION B Cardiology
Effects of Aging on Cardiovascular Structure and Function
Aging and Atherosclerosis
Coronary Heart Disease
Valvular Heart Disease
Heart Failure
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Hypertension
SECTION C Respiratory System
SECTION D Nephrology
SECTION E Gastroenterology
Effect of Aging on Gastrointestinal Function
Hepatic, Biliary, and Pancreatic Disease
Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders
Common Large Intestinal Disorders
Constipation
SECTION F Oncology
SECTION G Hematology
SECTION H Endocrinology and Metabolism
SECTION I Mobility and Musculoskeletal System
Aging of the Muscles and Joints
Biomechanics of Mobility
Exercise: Physiological and Functional Effects
Mobility
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
Hip Fractures
Myopathy, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, and Temporal Arteritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Autoimmune Diseases
Back Pain and Spinal Stenosis
Primary Considerations in Managing the Older Patient with Foot Problems
Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain Syndromes
SECTION J Infectious Diseases and Immunology
COLOR PLATES
Topics within this title:
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Acute Renal Failure
- Anal Cancer
- Anemia
- Aortic Stenosis
- Arrhythmias
- Arteritis
- Arthritis
- Aspiration
- Asthma
- Atherosclerosis
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Autoimmune Diseases
- Back Pain
- Bradyarrhythmia
- Brain Injury
- Breast Cancer
- Breast Disease
- Cancer
- Cancers
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Cataract
- Cerebral Infarction
- Cervical Cancer
- Chronic Disease
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Cognitive Symptoms
- Colitis
- Colon Cancer
- Colorectal Cancer
- Constipation
- continuum of care
- COPD
- Coronary Heart Disease
- Deep Vein Thrombosis
- Dehydration
- Delirium
- Dementia
- Diabetes
- Diabetes Complications
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- duration
- Dyskinesias
- Dyslipidemia
- Dyspareunia
- Dysphagia
- Dyspnea
- Embolism
- Emergency
- Empty Sella Syndrome
- End Stage Renal Disease
- End-Stage Renal Disease
- Endocrine Diseases
- Epilepsy
- Erectile Dysfunction
- Esophageal Cancer
- Fecal Incontinence
- Fever
- Fever of Unknown Origin
- Fibromyalgia
- Fracture
- Fractures
- Gallbladder Cancer
- Gastric Cancer
- Gastroesophageal Reflux
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Glioblastoma
- Glioblastoma Multiforme
- Gliomas
- Hearing Impairment
- Hearing Loss
- Heart Disease
- Hemophilia
- Hemorrhagic Disorders
- Hepatitis
- Hepatitis C
- Herpes Zoster
- Hip Fractures
- Hyperadrenocorticism
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypernatremia
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperplasia
- Hypersensitivity
- Hypertension
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypogonadism
- Hyponatremia
- Hypopituitarism
- Hypotension
- Hypothyroidism
- Infarction
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Inflammatory Myopathies
- Influenza
- Insomnia
- Intermittent Claudication
- Intracranial Neoplasms
- Ischemia
- Kidney Disease
- Leukemia
- Leukocytosis
- Liver Cancer
- Liver Diseases
- Low Vision
- Lung Cancer
- Lung Disease
- Lupus
- Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Lymphomas
- Malnutrition
- Medicare
- Melanoma
- Metastases
- MI
- Microscopic Colitis
- Mitral Regurgitation
- Mitral Stenosis
- Muscle Weakness
- Myeloproliferative Disorders
- Myofascial Pain Syndromes
- Myopathies
- Myopathy
- Neoplasm
- Neoplasms
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Neuralgia
- Neurodegenerative Disease
- Neurodegenerative Disorders
- Nocturia
- OA
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Osteoarthritis
- Osteoporosis
- Pain
- Pancreas Cancer
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Pancreatic Disease
- Parkinsonism
- Peptic Ulcer
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Pheochromocytoma
- Pneumonia
- Polymyalgia Rheumatica
- Polyuria
- Prediabetes
- Preleukemia
- Pressure Ulcers
- Prolapse
- Prostate Cancer
- Pulmonary Disease
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Purpura
- Pyuria
- Rectal Cancer
- Renal Failure
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- Restless Legs
- Restless Legs Syndrome
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- risk management
- Septic Arthritis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Skin Cancer
- Sleep Disorders
- Sleep-Disordered Breathing
- Spinal Stenosis
- Stenosis
- Stress
- Stroke
- Substance Abuse
- Sudden Cardiac Death
- Symptoms and Signs
- Syncope
- Syndrome
- Syndromes
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Tachyarrhythmia
- Tachyarrhythmias
- Temperature
- Temporal Arteritis
- Thrombocytopenia
- Thromboembolism
- Thrombosis
- Thyroid Disease
- Thyroid Diseases
- Thyroid Nodules
- Toxicity
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Ulcer
- Ulcers
- Urinary Retention
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Valvular Heart Disease
- Vascular Disease
- Vasovagal Syncope
- Ventilation
- Virus
- Weight Loss
- Zoster
